Financial Management - 14158 Words

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT – AN OVERVIEW Unit structure: 1. Introduction 2. Learning objectives 3. Section title Meaning Definition Objective Advantages of wealth maximization Criticisms of wealth maximization Scope Functions of Financial Management Role and function of the finance manager Financial Management and Economic Financial management and Accounting Evolution of financial management Functional areas of financial management Financial decisions Have you understood questions Summary Exercises References Financial Management - AV OVERVIEW Meaning - Objectives of Financial Management- ‘A’s of Financial Management - Scope and Functions of Financial Management - Role and Functions of the Financial†¦show more content†¦Planning is one of the most important activities of the financial manager. It makes it possible for the financial manager to obtain funds at the best time in relation to their cost of the conditions under which they can be obtained and their effective use by the business firm. Financial management is the dynamic, evolving or making of day- to-day financial decisions in a business of any size. The old concept of finance as treasurer ship has broadened to include the new, equally meaningful concept of controllership. While the treasurer keeps track of the moneys, the controller’s duties extend to planning analysis and the improvement of every phase of the company’s operations, which are measured with a financial yardstick. Financial management is important because it has an impact on all the activities of a firm. Its primary responsibility is to discharge the finance function successfully. It touches on all the other business functions. All business decisions have financial implications, and a single decision may financially affect different departments of an organisation. In this connection, Raymond Chambers observes: â€Å"Financial management maybe considered to be the management of the finance function. It may be described as making decisions on financial matters and facilitating and reviewing their execution. It may be used to designate the field of study which lies beneath these processes†. FinancialShow MoreRelatedFinancial Report On Financial Management1594 Words   |  7 Pages Nevertheless, besides the advantages as mentioned above, financial reports have a number of disadvantages. Firstly, the expensive cost of providing audited financial statement that meet requirements of IASB (International Accounting Standards Boards) is a common problem of a firm. Secondly, because financial statement based on a specific time or period, it is historical record of financial status of a firm so it has a little value in predicting and forecasting the future performance of this firmRead MoreA Summary On Financial Management1359 Words   |  6 Pages68 per share, on revenue of $23.5 billion. However, the exclusion of unusual items such as tax benefits, legal expenses, and net reserve releases depressed net income to $5.4 billion, or $1.32 per share. These results surprised analysts as the financial services company failed to thrash the consensus estimate from 29 analysts of $1.38; which led to an immediate plunge of 1.56% in the stock price. Stock Movement: As you can see from the chart above, following the dispursement of the earnings reportRead MoreFinancial Management and Analysis2206 Words   |  9 PagesFinancial Management and Analysis Table of Contents Introduction 3 Presentation of the companies 3 Ratio analysis of the companies 5 Profitability ratios 5 Liquidity ratios 7 Efficiency ratios 9 Gearing ratios 11 Investment ratios 12 Ratio analysis strengths and weaknesses 14 â€Æ' Introduction Financial analysis involves the use of various financial statements, which perform several functions. Basics of financial analysis consist of a balance sheet and income statement.Read MoreFinancial Management2459 Words   |  10 PagesCHAPTER 14 FINANCIAL AND OPERATING LEVERAGE Q.1. A.1. Explain the concept of financial leverage. Show the impact of financial leverage on the earnings per share. The use of fixed-charges sources of funds, such as debt and preference capital, along with owners’ equity in the capital structure is known as financial leverage (or gearing or trading on equity). The financial leverage employed by a company is intended to earn more on the fixed charges funds than their costs. The surplus will increase theRead MoreA Note On Financial Management1753 Words   |  8 Pagescosts as financial specialists would require extra pay to have the stock of the illiquid resources which have higher exchange fetched opposite a fluid resource. The present study looks a t the liquidity of the Government securities market in India. The Government securities business sector is seen as a standout amongst the most imperative money related business sector as it connections monetary action to loan cost. National banks utilize the business sector to perform residential financial operationsRead MoreFinancial Management Paper591 Words   |  3 PagesStatement of Operations and Financial Statements 1. List several efforts that have been enacted by payors to control costs. 2. Explain the ramifications of allowing/disallowing an individual to be able to sue his or her HMO. 3. What are each of the financial statements commonly called in for-profit health care organizations and in not for-profit care organizations? Financial statements are commonly called balance sheets, income statement, statement of owner’s equity, or statementRead MoreFinancial Management2360 Words   |  10 PagesLesson # 1 Financial Management: Introductory Notes and Words Concepts of Finance and Financial Management Financial Management refers to the proper management of finance functions of an enterprise or organization. In other words, financial management is concerned with the financial decision-making and other financial aspects. Thus, financial management involves financial planning, financial organization, financial coordination and control, financial reporting, financial mergers, combinationsRead MoreA Research On Financial Management1461 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribes on the first section a research about financial managers, which is covered with the job description, the roles, the skills Knowledge, work environment and the rewards job outlook. What is the financial management? â€Å"Financial Management means planning, organizing, directing and controlling the financial activities such as procurement and utilization of funds of the enterprise. It means applying general management principles to financial resources of the enterprise† Read MoreFinancial Manageme nt Of The Healthcare Organization1371 Words   |  6 PagesFinancial Ratios Analysis Raven Washington MHA 612: Financial Managerial Accounting Professor Jack Lazarre October 27, 2014 The financial management of the healthcare organization needs to handle financial matters carefully in order to perform well. Ratio analysis is a kind of financial statement analysis that is utilized to get a fast indication of an organizations financial performance in most important sectors, for that reason the healthcare organization must utilize ratioRead MoreFinancial Management And Efficient Planning1373 Words   |  6 PagesFinancial management and efficient planning are important in determining the sustainability and the mission of a business. A company can know its organizational performance, financial results, and trends by using its financial statements. Conducting a ratio analysis through ratio calculation is vital. Ratios calculation is a useful tool of management because ratios are critical indicators of financial strengths and weaknesses and thus the basis of the overall situation analysis. Some of the significant

The Symbolic Use of Nature in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter

The Symbolic Use of Nature in The Scarlet Letter In Nathaniel Hawthornes classic The Scarlet Letter, nature plays a very important and symbolic role. Hawthorne uses nature to convey the mood of a scene, to describe characters, and to link the natural elements with human nature. Many of the passages that have to do with nature accomplish more than one of these ideas. All throughout the book, nature is incorporated into the story line. The deep symbolism conveyed by certain aspects of nature helps the reader gain a deeper understanding of the plight and inner emotions of the characters in the novel. Hawthornes moods or prevailing feelings during certain scenes are revealed to the reader through nature.†¦show more content†¦Another example of Hawthornes use of nature to set the mood for a scene is shown when he describes the weather and conditions when Hester and Pearl secretly meet with Arthur Dimesdale deep within the forest. The day was chill and somber. Overhead was a gray expanse of cloud, slightly stirred, however, by a breeze; so that a gleam of flickering sunshine might now and then be seen a its solitary play along the path (159). Hawthorne describes a cold and gray day. This description gives the reader a sense of isolation as well as slight depression. However, the mention of a slight breeze that ruffles the canopy of the forest just enough to let in little flickers of sunshine conveys a fleeting ray of hope that seems to coexist with the gloominess in the scene. In many scenes during the book, moods or prevailing feelings are established through descriptions of the natural surroundings of the characters. This aspect of Hawthornes writing makes the book deeper and more emotional. Nature is often used symbolically in The Scarlet Letter to describe people physically, emotionally, and socially. Hawthorne uses this technique very effectively. He gives the reader a good feel for the true psyche of some of the characters during different parts of the story. An excellent example of how characters are revealed through nature is the description of the lone rose-bush. It symbolizes Hester and the strength sheShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 1516 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Erich Fromm’s article, â€Å"The Nature of Symbolic Language,† the definition of a symbol is â€Å"‘something that stands for something else’† (121). Laurence Perrine adds his thoughts about symbols in Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense, and states that in order to find out what object is a symbol, the reader must be able to â€Å"recognize, identify, percept, and tact [them]† (175). And he also includes that it is better not to look for symbols at all rather than â€Å"[discover] symbols that areRead MoreA Romantic View Of Hester Prynne Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Final Draft A Romantic View of Hester Prynne Individualism, emotion and the purity and simplicity of nature are at the foundation of American Romanticism. Essays such as Thoreau’s Walden and Emerson’s â€Å"Self-Reliance† call on humans to look inward and avoid conformity in order to find meaning and purpose in life. Nathaniel Hawthorne is also sympathetic to these ideals, but in The Scarlet Letter, he conveys them in the format of a novel where one of his main characters, Hester Prynne, is surroundedRead MoreSymbolism, Use Of Color, And Themes Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1657 Words   |  7 PagesSymbolism, Use of Color, and Themes in The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter is regarded as the first symbolic novel in American Literature for Nathaniel Hawthorne s skillful use of symbolism and allegory. The novel is also said to be the greatest accomplishment of American short story and is viewed as the first American psychological novel, which makes Hawthorne win an incomparable position in American Literature. Hawthorne’s â€Å"unique gift† for using this kind of skills taps into the roots of manRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter Paper1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe Scarlet Letter Sin Debate In Nathanial Hawthorne’s famous standard of American literature, The Scarlett Letter, Hawthorne examines individual cases of sin occurring within society known for its intolerance of sin and strict religious principles, the Puritans. In The Scarlet Letter , each of the main characters, whether protagonist or antagonist, are guilty of a sin or form of â€Å"evil†. However, one character stands out from the rest. This character is guilty of the worst form of malice and evilRead More Symbols and Symbolism in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Essay2336 Words   |  10 PagesThe Scarlet Letter. I. Symbolism A. Definition B. Style II. Symbolism in characters A. Hester B. Dimmesdale C. Chillingworth D. Pearl III. Symbolism in objects A. The scarlet letter B. The scaffold C. The forest D. The brook IV. Symbolic relations between characters and objects A. Characters and the scarlet letter B. Characters and the scaffold C. Pearl and the forest Nathaniel Hawthorne used symbolism to bring meaning into his book The Scarlet LetterRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter864 Words   |  4 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, he thoroughly exposes the social depths of the Puritan society. As a Romanticist, his values and ideals go in line with nature and individualism, which is lucidly seen by the way he writes of the so called pious who contradict this and rather emphasize conformity. To further depict the hypocrisy within the Puritan community, the use of rhetorical devices is evident as Hawthorne utilized the character of Pearl to epitomize the beauty of yielding societalRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s Writing Style864 Words   |  4 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne was a prominent writer of his time, mainly through using symbolism, but the question is why use a literary device that constantly points to a reason behind the story? In order to understand why Hawthorne use symbolism we must l ook for the reason he does it. Also, we will look at his writing style that will see what influences gave him the motive to use symbolism in his works. When he was a child, his father was a sailor, who would traveled the seas until his death 1808. HawthorneRead More The Symbolic Nature of the Scarlett Letter Essay2416 Words   |  10 Pages The Symbolic Nature of the Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter introduces themes within the story that recur in several settings and serve as metaphors for the underlying conflicts. The trouble in interpreting The Scarlet Letter is the fact that the story is packed full of symbolism that can be either overlooked, or misinterpreted. From the actual letter ‘A’, down to the use of colors, Hawthorne wrote his story with the intention of making the reader work harder and read deeperRead MoreEssay about Symbolism Used in The Scarlet Letter1070 Words   |  5 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, symbolsim is constantly present in the actual scarlet letter â€Å"A† as it is viewed as a symbol of sin and the gradally changes its meanign, guilt is also a mejore symbol, and Pearl’s role in this novel is symbolic as well. The Scarlet Letter includes many profound and crucial symbols. these devices of symbolism are best portayed in the novel, most noticably throu gh the letter â€Å"A† best exemplifies the changes in the symbolic meaning throughout the novel. Read MoreSymbolism In The Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne825 Words   |  4 PagesThe Puritan era in New England was inundated with an atmosphere of righteousness and judgment. This culture spurned those who strayed from its religious codes. In his novel The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses multiple symbols to bring a deeper meaning to the society, his characters, and to adultery. One of the motifs used comes as the character Pearl, the daughter of the two adulterers. Pearl has multiple descriptions; physically, she is â€Å"a lovely and immortal flower,† yet also â€Å"an airy

Stanley Milgram experiment Free Essays

Stanley Malaria experiment Could you deliver electroshocks to a person you do not know? In addition, having someone behind you coaxing you the whole way until you get to 450 volts? That was Stanley Amalgam’s idea. He wanted to find out how obedient one could be if they were in a position to harm another human being with an administrator in the same room. The administrator would coax the men to administer electroshock to another human being, being unseen, until the learner stops screaming. We will write a custom essay sample on Stanley Milgram experiment or any similar topic only for you Order Now How far could you go before topping yourself or killing another human being VIA electroshock? Summary of the study and how it was conducted In the sass’s, Stanley Malaria conducted a study to see how far a person could go by shocking an unknown individual with heart problems. The study was to show if someone of authoritative position told an individual to deliver an electrical shock to another human being for being wrong on a question. Malaria put an ad into a newspaper that recruited close to 40 men and they were to be paid $4. 50 for their participation. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory at Yale University. There was the administrator, a teacher, and a learner. The teacher had an electroshock machine that went from 15 volts to 450 volts. When the teacher asked a question to the learner and the learner knew the answer there was to be no shock. When the learner got the question incorrect, the teacher would press the buttons in sequential order on the electroshock machine (which was already hooked up to the learner). This would then deliver a current of electroshock to the learner. This was to teach him no to get the questions incorrect. Each time the learner got the question wrong the voltage went up. The learner and teacher only saw each other once and that was before the test. The learner, after a few incorrect answers, started to kick, scream, and protesting the shocks that is being delivered to him. The teacher started to be concerned about the learner, but the administrator would say, â€Å"Please continue† or â€Å"please go on†, â€Å"this experiment requires that you continue†, â€Å"It is absolutely essential that you continue†, muff have no other choice; you must go on. † (Fiske, 2010, Para. 50). What the teacher did not know was that the learner was not really being shocked. This was to see how far the teacher would go before calling t quits on the learner. The learner would be screaming and pleading for his life saying, â€Å"please no more, my heart cannot take it anymore, please stop. † After the 300- volt shock, the room went quite. The administrator told the teacher to take the silence as an incorrect answer and shock again. There still was no voice on the other side. The teacher fell silent and felt stressed and tension. An explanation of the study results: What happened? Were there any unexpected findings? What did the authors conclude? What did the results mean, and what are their implications? The results of he Amalgam’s study was found to be shocking and appalling. â€Å"The core findings showed that 65% of participants progressed up the shock generator past Danger: Severe Shock to 450 volts labeled simply XX. Only 35% resisted† (Fiske, 2010, Para. 51). The breakdown of the 40 study participants, 26 delivered the maximum amount of shocks to the learner, while only 14 participants quit when the learner was screaming in pain. The majority of the teachers went to the maximum amount of voltage due to the administrator telling them to keep going with the experiment. There was not any unexpected finding with the Amalgam’s experiment. However, the numbers for those who went all the way was extremely high. â€Å"Malaria later surveyed the participants and found that 84% were glad to have participated, while only 1% regretted their involvement† (Cherry, n. D. , Para. 10). Malaria concluded that people will comply with orders either out of fear or to cooperate even when they are scared or know better. Those who complied through the duration of the experiment struggled with power. Those who participated in the study felt coerced by the administrator. They felt guilt, remorse, and anxiety. If a person of power says meeting is okay, majority of individuals that will continue will be few, but the show will go on. The results from Amalgam’s experiment meant that most individuals put into a stressful situation as so; they comply and obey with orders. The select few that did not comply, knew when it was time to stop. They had more of a conscious to stop then to â€Å"kill† a person by shocking them over questions. This study was all about power and obedience. Malaria expected most of the participants to stop when the learner was yelling and screaming in pain. However, that was not the case. After the study was over there was a debrief. The teacher finds out the learner is not injured. Most were relieved to find the learner alive and not hurt. The implications for the Amalgam’s experiment are showing that of dangers and obedience. Amalgam’s experiment is one of the most psychological studies. If the original variable is not the outcome, then it is time to take a step back and rulebook at the experiment. If the study was reproduced a second time and the same results occur, then that is the purpose of the study would be Justified. An explanation of how the concept situations applies to the study results Situations played a major role in the Amalgam’s experiment. The circumstance that was around the teacher was the administrator that was in the same room as the teacher. The administrator was coxing the teacher to keep going even after the yells and screams for help. Most of the teachers went along with the plan even if personal ethics told them not to or to stop. This author believes that if there were not an administrator in the room with the teacher, they would not have gone as far as they did with the electroshock machine. There were many mitigating circumstances as to why the teacher did not stop when they knew they should have. Do you think the study results might have been different if the participants were from a different cultural, ethnic, or gender group? How so? This author does not believe that the results would have differed if the participants were from different cultures, genders, or ethnic groups. This author saw an updated Amalgam’s experiment with females and males and the females was Just as ruthless as the males were in 1960. This author believes that it does not matter where you are from or who you are, but rather what kind of conscious that individual has. Could you be cohered into shocking an individual who said he has a bad heart? That would stop many people, or would it? Do you think the results of the study are important and relevant to contemporary society? Explain This author believes that the results are important. This way when and if the study is conducted again, there is a basis to go by. Does this author believe the results are relevant to contemporary society? This author believes the results were relevant in sass’s, but not today. Amalgam’s views are out of today’s ethical standards. Regardless if the learner was getting shocked or not, many questions still would surface. How would individuals act today? Would the number that takes it all the way be higher? Society would be interested, but not maybe people would report to the study. Conclusion The Malaria study did not go as planned and the results were unexpected. Malaria â€Å"The Malaria studies are a paradigm for understanding evil, but opinions differ as to whether the actual participants were necessarily behaving in an evil manner† (Fiske, 2010, Para. 63). Amalgam’s experiment has become a topic in not only Psychology, but also other areas. His experiment has gone down in the books as one of the most studied topics. His experiment shows how obedience is dangerous in this case. The teachers were being cohered by the administrator to keep going even while the learner was saying, â€Å"his heart hurt to stop. † Luckily, no one was harmed during this experiment and the individuals that went to 450-volts felt remorse. How to cite Stanley Milgram experiment, Papers